How to Create Own Token

Overview

Create a custom SPL Token using the Token-2022 Program programmatically with Solana Web3.js. Token-2022 supports advanced extensions like transfer fees, metadata pointers, and confidential transfers for enhanced functionality. This guide focuses on creating a basic mint with a metadata pointer extension for token name/symbol/description.

• Program ID: TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb
• Network: Use ANALOS RPC
• Requirements: Wallet with $LOS for rent exemption

Note: This uses @solana/spl-token for Token-2022 extensions

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Installation

Install dependencies:

npm install @solana/web3.js @solana/spl-token @solana/spl-token-metadata

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Step-by-Step Code Example

1. Setup Connection & Keys

Connect to ANALOS and generate payer keypair.

import {
  Connection,
  Keypair,
  PublicKey,
  SystemProgram,
  Transaction,
  LAMPORTS_PER_SOL
} from '@solana/web3.js';
import {
  ExtensionType,
  createInitializeMintInstruction,
  createAccount,
  getMintLen,
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
  createInitializeMetadataPointerInstruction,
  getMintLenFromRent
} from '@solana/spl-token';
import {
  createInitializeInstruction,
  pack,
  TokenMetadata
} from '@solana/spl-token-metadata';

// Connect to ANALOS RPC
const connection = new Connection('https://rpc.analos.io', 'confirmed');

// Payer (wallet) - Replace with your keypair
const payer = Keypair.generate();  // Or load from secret key

2. Define Token Metadata

Set token details for metadata extension.

// Token metadata
const tokenMetadata = {
  name: 'My Custom Token',
  symbol: 'MCT',
  uri: 'https://example.com/metadata.json',  // JSON with image/description
  sellerFeeBasisPoints: 0,  // Royalty %
  creators: null,  // Optional creators array
  collection: null,  // Optional collection
  uses: null  // Optional uses config
} as TokenMetadata;

// Pack metadata for on-chain storage
const metadataDef = {
  updateAuthority: payer.publicKey,
  mint: new PublicKey('')  // Will be set later
};
const metadataLen = pack(metadataDef, [tokenMetadata]);

3. Calculate Space & Rent

Compute required space for mint with extensions.

// Extensions: Metadata Pointer
const extensions = [ExtensionType.MetadataPointer];

// Calculate mint length
const mintLen = getMintLen([ExtensionType.MetadataPointer]);

// Get rent exemption lamports
const mintLamports = await getMintLenFromRent(connection, TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, extensions);
console.log(`Rent for mint: ${mintLamports} lamports`);

4. Create Mint Account

Generate mint keypair and fund it.

// Generate mint keypair
const mint = Keypair.generate();

// Create mint account
const createMintAccountInstruction = SystemProgram.createAccount({
  fromPubkey: payer.publicKey,
  newAccountPubkey: mint.publicKey,
  space: mintLen,
  lamports: mintLamports,
  programId: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID
});

5. Initialize Mint with Extensions

Add instructions for mint initialization and metadata pointer.

// Initialize mint (decimals: 9, mint authority: payer)
const decimals = 9;
const initializeMintInstruction = createInitializeMintInstruction(
  mint.publicKey,
  decimals,
  payer.publicKey,  // Mint authority
  payer.publicKey,  // Freeze authority (optional, set null to disable)
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID
);

// Initialize metadata pointer
const initializeMetadataPointerInstruction = createInitializeMetadataPointerInstruction(
  mint.publicKey,
  payer.publicKey,  // Authority
  metadataDef.mint,  // Metadata address (derive from mint)
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID
);

6. Optional: Add Transfer Fee Extension

For Token-2022 transfer fees (e.g., 1% fee).

import { createInitializeTransferFeeConfigInstruction } from '@solana/spl-token';

// Transfer fee config: 50 basis points (0.5%), max 1 $LOS per transfer
const feeBasisPoints = 50;
const maxFee = 1 * 10 ** decimals;
const transferFeeConfigAuthority = payer.publicKey;
const withdrawWithheldAuthority = payer.publicKey;

const initializeTransferFeeInstruction = createInitializeTransferFeeConfigInstruction(
  mint.publicKey,
  transferFeeConfigAuthority,
  withdrawWithheldAuthority,
  feeBasisPoints,
  maxFee,
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID
);

// Add to extensions array above
const extensionsWithFee = [ExtensionType.TransferFeeConfig, ExtensionType.MetadataPointer];

7. Build & Send Transaction

Combine instructions and send.

// Build transaction
const transaction = new Transaction().add(
  createMintAccountInstruction,
  initializeMintInstruction,
  initializeMetadataPointerInstruction,  // + initializeTransferFeeInstruction if using fees
  createInitializeInstruction(  // Initialize metadata account
    metadataAddress,  // Derive: findProgramAddressSync([mint.publicKey.toBuffer()], METADATA_PROGRAM_ID)
    payer.publicKey,
    mint.publicKey,
    TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM_ID
  )
);

// Sign and send
const signature = await connection.sendTransaction(transaction, [payer, mint]);
await connection.confirmTransaction(signature, 'confirmed');

console.log(`Mint created! Address: ${mint.publicKey.toBase58()}`);
console.log(`Transaction: ${signature}`);

8. Mint Initial Supply

Mint tokens to an associated token account.

import { createMintToInstruction, getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount } from '@solana/spl-token';

// Get or create ATA for payer
const tokenAccount = await getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount(
  connection,
  payer,
  mint.publicKey,
  payer.publicKey,
  undefined,
  undefined,
  undefined,
  undefined,
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID
);

// Mint 1000 tokens
const initialSupply = 1000 * 10 ** decimals;
const mintToInstruction = createMintToInstruction(
  mint.publicKey,
  tokenAccount.address,
  payer.publicKey,  // Mint authority
  initialSupply,
  [],
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID
);

const mintTx = new Transaction().add(mintToInstruction);
const mintSig = await connection.sendTransaction(mintTx, [payer]);
await connection.confirmTransaction(mintSig);

console.log(`Minted ${initialSupply / 10 ** decimals} tokens to ${tokenAccount.address.toBase58()}`);

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Verification

• Explorer: Check mint on explorer.analos.io
• Balance: Use getBalance from RPC guide
• Extensions: Query mint account data for Token-2022 features

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Advanced Extensions

Extension	Use Case	Import
Transfer Fee	Fee on transfers	createInitializeTransferFeeConfigInstruction
Confidential Transfer	Private balances	createInitializeConfidentialTransferMintInstruction
Metadata Pointer	On-chain name/symbol	createInitializeMetadataPointerInstruction
Group Pointer	Token groups	createInitializeGroupPointerInstruction

See SPL Token-2022 Docs for more.

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Tips & Security

• Rent Exemption: Always calculate to avoid account closure.
• Authority: Revoke mint/freeze after initial minting for immutability.
• Errors: Handle insufficient funds or invalid keys.

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Mint. Extend. Innovate.